December 2025 Management Principles and Practice Past Paper Answers

Description

CERTIFIED SECRETARIES (CS) FOUNDATION LEVEL
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE

MONDAY: 1 December 2025. Morning Paper. Time Allowed: 3 hours.
This paper consists of seven (7) questions. Answer any FIVE questions. ALL questions carry equal marks. Do NOT write anything on this paper.

QUESTION ONE
(a) Enumerate FIVE guiding principles used for recruitment and selection in human resource management. (5 marks)

(b) Highlight FIVE reasons why management is essential for business growth and sustainability. (5 marks)

(c) Explain FIVE differences between “management” and “administration”. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUSTION TWO
(a) Outline FIVE reasons why decision-making is important in management. (5 marks)

(b) Highlight FIVE aspects of leadership. (5 marks)
(c) Evaluate FIVE reasons why project managers invest significant time during the initiation stage before commencing project implementation. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION THREE
(a) Identify FOUR approaches to planning as used in management. (4 marks)
(b) Assess THREE strategies that organisations could use to promote creativity and innovation. (6 marks)

(c) Explain FIVE managerial roles as advocated by Henry Mintzberg. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION FOUR
(a) Enumerate FIVE ways in which projects contribute to the achievement of organisational performance. (5 marks)

(b) Outline FIVE concepts of entrepreneurship. (5 marks)
(c) Organisational change is about adapting, improving and transforming an organisation’s ways of working to meet new challenges and achieve sustainable growth.

With reference to the above statement, analyse FIVE types of organisational change. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION FIVE
(a) Summarise FIVE benefits of Max Weber’s bureaucratic theory in promoting efficiency, consistency and accountability within organisational management. (5 marks)

(b) Highlight FIVE effective strategies for developing marketing information to enhance organisational competitiveness. (5 marks)

(c) Marketing is about creating and delivering value to customers in a way that also achieves the organisation’s goals, forming the bridge between producers and consumers.
With reference to the above statement, examine FIVE marketing management orientations practised by organisations. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION SIX
(a) Highlight FIVE benefits of adopting a participatory approach to planning in modern management practice.
(5 marks)

(b) Summarise FIVE assumptions of McGregor’s Theory Y. (5 marks)
(c) Explain FIVE types of decisions made within an organisation. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION SEVEN
(a) Explain FIVE factors that the management team could put into consideration when developing an organisation structure. (5 marks)
(b) Outline FIVE attributes of an effective leader. (5 marks)

(c) Discuss FIVE ways in which emerging global issues could influence managerial decision-making in an organisation. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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