August 2025 CPA Introduction to Law and Governance Past Paper answers

Description

QUESTION ONE
(a) Citing TWO examples, distinguish between “public law” and “private law”. (4 marks)
(b) Explain THREE types of delegated legislation commonly used in administrative law. (6 marks)
(c) Using FIVE reasons justify the importance of law in a country. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION TWO
(a) Outline FOUR roles of Dispute Review Boards in alternative dispute resolution. (4 marks)

(b) Describe THREE characteristics of a partnership. (6 marks)
(c) Explain FIVE circumstances under which a Kenyan court may depart from its previous decisions. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION THREE
(a) Kaburu Osango owns a boutique fashion store and enters into a contract with Vivian Vugusta, a renowned designer, to deliver 100 custom-made dresses by June 1 for an upcoming fashion show. The contract stipulates that the dresses must be made from a specific high-quality fabric and delivered on time. Vivian Vugusta agrees to the terms and receives a 50% upfront payment. However, due to unexpected issues with her suppliers, Vugusta delivers only 50 dresses by June 1 and some are made from a different, lower-quality fabric.

Required:
(i) Advise Kaburu Osango on THREE potential legal remedies against Vivian Vugusta’s action. (6 marks)
(ii) Advise Vivian Vugusta on THREE possible defenses available to her. (6 marks)
(b) Discuss FOUR circumstances under which trespass to person can be justified under the law. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION FOUR
(a) Highlight FOUR liabilities of partners in a partnership. (4 marks)
(b) In relation to international contract of sales, describe FOUR types of contracts that relate to sea routes. (8 marks)
(c) In relation to the Law of Agency, analyse FOUR types of agents. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FIVE
(a) Explain FIVE rights of a surety in a contract of guarantee. (10 marks)
(b) Discuss FIVE ways how the principle of indemnity in insurance applies to different types of insurance policies.
(10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION SIX
(a) Outline FOUR grounds for revocation of patents in your country. (4 marks)

(b) Describe THREE features of a negotiable instrument. (6 marks)

(c) Analyse FIVE benefits that an organisation in your country may derive from conducting legal audits. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION SEVEN
(a) In relation to the law of property, outline FOUR categories of real property. (4 marks)

(b) Discuss FOUR principles of professional ethics. (8 marks)
(c) Evaluate FOUR ways through which professional bodies in your country promote professional ethics among their members. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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