2025 April Information Communication Technology (ICT) Past Paper Answers

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QUESTION ONE
(a) Explain the following features of the fifth-generation computers:
(i) Artificial intelligence (AI). (2 marks)
(ii) Parallel processing. (2 marks)https://notes.kasnebnotes.co.ke/wp-admin/edit.php?post_type=product&action=duplicate_product&post=41262&_wpnonce=0f50db02c1
(iii) Quantum computing. (2 marks)

(b) Outline FOUR input devices used in a smartphone. (4 marks)

(c) Ping Ltd., a social media company in Kenya collects user data to improve targeted advertisements. However, it sells the data to third parties without informing the users.
With reference to the above scenario, examine FIVE ethical principles violated by Ping Ltd. in its handling of user data. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION TWO
(a) Distinguish between “embedded computers” and “integrated computers”. (4 marks)
(b) Discuss FOUR techniques used to measure the effectiveness of system maintenance. (8 marks)

(c) Examine FOUR roles of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) in Information Communication Technology (ICT) development. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION THREE
(a) Differentiate between “indexed sequential files organisation” and “direct file organisation”. (4 marks)

(b) Highlight FIVE factors to consider when selecting a transmission media. (5 marks)
(c) Opiyo Odoyo wishes to create a presentation for his company’s annual general meeting (AGM). Opiyo Odoyo has never created a presentation before using PowerPoint application.

Explain THREE ways that Opiyo Odoyo could use to create a new presentation in PowerPoint. (6 marks)
(d) Summarise FIVE negative consequences of instituting information systems in an organisation. (5 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FOUR
(a) Explain the following validation terms:
(i) Presence check. (2 marks)
(ii) Range check. (2 marks)

(iii) Data type check. (2 marks)

(b) Outline SIX roles of search engines. (6 marks)
(c) Maliki Mission Hospital, located in Western Kenya, offers both curative and preventive health services mainly targeting elderly people. During the integration of Maliki Health System with the recently introduced Social Health Authority (SHA) system, the hospital’s information system was hacked, leading to exposure of patients’ medical records.

Required:
Examine FOUR legal obligations that the hospital has towards its clients. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FIVE
(a) Outline TWO effects of each of the cases below:
(i) Low hanging bulbs in a computer laboratory. (2 marks)
(ii) Having taps and sinks in the computer laboratory. (2 marks)

(b) Explain the following concepts in system theory:
(i) Equifinality. (2 marks)
(ii) Entropy. (2 marks)

(c) Examine SIX roles of the Internet of Things (IoT) in modern networks. (12 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION SIX
(a) Describe FOUR applications of management information systems (MIS) in enhancing operational efficiency.
(8 marks)
(b) With regards to Accounting Information Systems (AIS), discuss SIX roles that encryption of data plays in securing financial transactions. (12 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION SEVEN
(a) Distinguish between “computer onboard devices” and “peripheral devices”. (2 marks)
(b) Explain FOUR components of the task bar. (8 marks)

(c) (i) Explain the term “WLAN” as used in relation to computer networks. (2 marks)
(ii) Discuss FOUR features of WLANs. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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