April 2025 Leadership and Management Past Papers with Answers

Description

QUESTION ONE

ELIBO MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES LIMITED (EMEL)
Elibo Manufacturing Enterprises Limited (EMEL), a mid-sized manufacturing firm with 500 employees, has experienced significant decline in performance over the past two years. The company, once known for its innovations in industrial equipment, has seen its market share drop by 30% and employee turnover rise to unprecedented levels. At the heart of the company’s struggles lies a complex web of leadership and management issues. The board of directors remains largely disconnected from day-to-day operations, meeting only quarterly and often making decisions without adequate consultation with middle management. The board meetings take not more than two hours hence most of the board members do not understand the company’s dynamics. The chief executive officer (CEO), appointed three years ago, maintains an autocratic leadership style, rarely seeking input from departmental heads and frequently overriding their decisions.
This top-down approach has created a toxic organisational culture where middle managers feel disempowered and frustrated. They, in turn, have become increasingly rigid with their subordinates, leading to a breakdown in communication across all levels. Staff morale has plummeted, with employee satisfaction surveys showing a 45% decline in job satisfaction over the past one year. The company’s relationships with stakeholders have also deteriorated. Suppliers report inconsistent communication and delayed payments, leading some to demand stricter payment terms or refuse to extend credit. Key customers have expressed dissatisfaction with product quality and delivery times, resulting in the loss of several major contracts. Internal processes have become inefficient due to siloed departments and lack of cross-functional collaboration. Innovation has stagnated as the research and development team operates in isolation from market feedback and customer needs. Financial performance has suffered, with profits declining by 40% year-over-year.

However, the situation is not beyond salvation. The board recently hired a management consultant who recommended several turnaround strategies: Implementing a participative leadership style, establishing regular cross-departmental meetings, creating feedback channels across all levels and developing a comprehensive stakeholder engagement plan. The consultant also suggested leadership training for all management level staff and the introduction of performance-based incentives aligned with company goals. Initial steps have shown promise. A pilot program implemented in one department, incorporating employee feedback and collaborative decision-making amongst other turnaround strategies, has already led to a 15% improvement in productivity. The challenge now lies in scaling these changes across the organisation while managing resistance from entrenched interests.
Required:
(a) To address EMEL’s leadership and management challenges, alternative leadership approaches that promote collaboration, engagement and shared responsibility could yield more positive outcomes.

Examine FIVE leadership styles that EMEL management could have implemented. (10 marks)
(b) Highlight FIVE categories of metrics EMEL board of directors could monitor to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed turnaround strategies. (10 marks)

(c) Evaluate FOUR strategies that EMEL could implement to improve relationship with its stakeholders. (8 marks)

(d) Advise EMEL board on SIX measures they would take while redesigning the organisation structure in order to improve cross-functional collaboration and innovation. (12 marks) (Total: 40 marks)
QUESTION TWO
(a) Explain the term “administration”. (2 marks)

(b) With the use of a suitable example in each case, describe FOUR ways on how managers could tackle emerging organisational challenges. (8 marks)
(c) Elton Mayo, an Australian psychologist, is best known for his work, the “Hawthorne Studies”. integrating Mayo’s principles with modern management practices, organisations can create a harmonious and productive workplace that values both human relations and operational efficiency.
Highlight FIVE strategies an organisation could use to mitigate the challenges brought about by Elton Mayo’s Human Relations Theory in the management of employees. (5 marks) (Total: 15 marks)

QUESTION THREE
(a) Summarise FIVE roles of middle level managers in an organisation. (5 marks)
(b) Discuss FIVE components of marketing intelligence. (10 marks)
(Total: 15 marks)

QUESTION FOUR
(a) Explain THREE tools used in carrying out environmental analysis. (3 marks)
(b) Evaluate SIX strategies that management in an organisation could use to enhance the effectiveness of staffing.
(12 marks)
(Total: 15 marks)
QUESTION FIVE
(a) Enumerate THREE ways in which Max Weber’s bureaucratic theory could be applied in a modern business that operates in the digital space. (3 marks)

(b) Examine SIX benefits of using models in decision making. (12 marks)
(Total: 15 marks)
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