April 2025 Introduction to Law and Governance Past Paper answers

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QUESTION ONE
(a) In relation to sources of law, identify FOUR roles of the constitution in your country. (4 marks)
(b) Explain FOUR advantages of judicial precedence. (8 marks)
(c) Describe FOUR common law remedies in administrative law. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION TWO
(a) Summarise FOUR roles of advocates in land transactions in your country. (4 marks)
(b) Explain FOUR roles of the Judiciary in constitutional framework of your country. (8 marks)

(c) Describe FOUR functions of administrative tribunals in the context of administrative justice. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION THREE
(a) Peter Kiboko, a well-known journalist, published an article in a popular online magazine claiming that James Lwanda, the CEO of a tech company has been embezzling company funds for personal use. Peter Kiboko relied on an anonymous tip and did not verify the information. The article went viral and James Lwanda faced severe backlash including the loss of a lucrative business deal. James Lwanda filed a lawsuit against Peter Kiboko claiming that his article was defamatory.
Required:
Summarise FIVE elements that James Lwanda must prove to establish a claim for defamation in Peter’s article.
(10 marks)

(b) Explain FIVE ways in which alternative dispute resolution (ADR) differs from litigation. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
QUESTION FOUR
(a) In relation to law of persons, outline SIX features of an artificial person. (6 marks)
(b) Sarah Aziza owns a small boutique. She has been discussing with James Clay, a supplier, regarding a large order of fabrics. Over the course of several months, Sarah Aziza has made multiple informal assurances to James Clay that she will place an order once her current stock runs out, although they never formalised any agreement in writing. Based on these assurances, James Clay went ahead and purchased a significant quantity of fabric, expecting Sarah Aziza to follow through with her order. However, when Sarah’s stock finally runs out, she informs James Clay that she has decided not to proceed with the order and will instead source the fabrics from a different supplier. James is left with surplus fabric that he is unable to sell and suffers significant financial loss. He sues Sarah Aziza for the losses incurred.

Required:
Analyse THREE reasons why James Clay is likely to succeed in his claim against Sarah Aziza. (6 marks)
(c) With reference to the law of contract in your country, discuss FOUR implications of contracts with a person of unsound mind. (8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION FIVE
(a) The legal system provides mechanisms for resolving disputes while preserving the integrity of partnerships. With reference to this statement, outline FOUR ways in which disputes between partners in a partnership are legally addressed. (4 marks)

(b) Summarise SIX circumstances which might render a contract of guarantee void. (6 marks)
(c) Explain FIVE circumstances when a principal is not allowed to unilaterally terminate an agency contract.
(10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION SIX
(a) In relation to negotiable instruments, summarise FOUR conditions necessary for a person to qualify as a holder in due course. (4 marks)
(b) Outline SIX functions of the insurance regulatory authority in your country. (6 marks)

(c) With reference to Sectional Properties Act, explain FIVE obligations of a lessor. (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)

QUESTION SEVEN
(a) The best practice in corporate governance requires that certain decisions be reserved for the shareholder’s approval in an organisation. Identify FOUR examples of these decisions. (4 marks)
(b) Evaluate FOUR ways in which corporate governance could contribute towards expansion of businesses in your country. (8 marks)

(c) Explain FOUR ways in which professional ethics contribute to the protection of public interest in your country.
(8 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
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